Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit intriguing luminescent properties, rendering them valuable assets in diverse fields such as bioimaging, sensing, and therapeutics. Nevertheless, the potential toxicological effects of UCNPs necessitate rigorous investigation to ensure their safe implementation. This review aims to provide a systematic anal

In this study, we present a novel strategy for the synthesis and characterization of single-walled nanotubes (SWCNTs) functionalized with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4|Fe2O3|FeO). The synthesis process involves a two-step approach, first immobilizing SWCNTs onto a suitable substrate and then incorporating Fe3O4 nanoparticles via a coprecipitation